Appearances Can Be Deceiving

Appearances Can Be Deceiving Free Online Research Papers Everyone has experiences that prove to be defining moments in their lives- moments that cause us to look at the world or ourselves and what we can accomplish differently, moments that affect a change of opinion on a particular subject. In Mark Jarman’s poem Ground Swell, published in 1997, there is a very clear example of this; but in Sherman Alexie’s short story, â€Å"Class,† published in 2000, six years ago, this moment is elusive, perhaps even nonexistent. Appearances can be deceiving, but sometimes accurate, and in these two literary works, I will argue that one is true for each- the particular moment in actuality did change the person; and that the moment only superficially changed the character, and even then only for a short while (perhaps even not at all). In the first piece I will talk about, Mark Jarman’s poem Ground Swell, the defining moment for the main character, who is fifteen in the time he’s recalling- who I’m arbitrarily assuming to be Mark himself, though I think inaccurately- is when ¬ he is out in the early morning, surfing, and is noticed by someone who has just graduated and â€Å"grown a great blonde mustache† (p.808, line31), which prompts him to â€Å"reconsider [his worldly] worth† (p.808, line 37). The first couple lines of this story reminded me a lot of the movie Dazed and Confused- â€Å"Is nothing real but when I was fifteen / going on sixteen, like a corny song?† (p.808, line 1-2). There’s no real connection between them, but they do share a theme of teen . . . angst is the only word I can think of. This, in conjunction with the poem’s generally melancholy and blue tone, kind of gives me the impression that his mindset at the time was â€Å"if these are the best years of my life, kill me now,† which is a line said in Dazed and Confused. The second literary piece is a short story by Sherman Alexie and is entitled â€Å"Class.† It’s a fairly straight-forward story, and by the end, after what we’ve read of what he’s gone through, some of us (desperately) want for him to have changed. The â€Å"defining† moment for this main character, a native-American named Edgar Eagle Runner- and an argument cold be made for two defining moments- occurs when Edgar discovers the love notes between his wife and her lover (not Edgar); and possibly when he decides to fight Junior near the end. But I said I would argue that neither of these are defining moments. Part of this stems from the cold, emotional detachment of the story; and another part stems from the fact that he was writing- probably thinking, now that I think about it- about what happened with 20/20 hindsight, and that put an inflection to his voice, which I think came through, however subtly; and yet another part comes from the matter-of-fact, just-the-facts-and-nothing-else prose: we never get inside his head to read what he’s thinking and why he reacted they way he did, and therefore never really connect with him, though we think we have. Personally, I think it could have been a bit more loquacious. I’ve yet to talk in detail about the actual events and how they changed the character in Ground Swell. To refresh your memory, the character being written about is fifteen, going on sixteen, and while out surfing one early morning (we’re led to presume after the school year has ended), he’s noticed by a now graduated former fellow student, with some surprise. Up until that point, like I said earlier, I think he has a very â€Å"if these are the best years of my life, kill me now† attitude at the moment. And based on this, after this moment, I think he got the will to live again- really live, and do something in life, not just listlessly loiter around. If Jarman, the author, is describing a real, past event of his- which earlier I said I was beginning to question- it is a very surreal event: a now-graduated senior noticed him, an innocuous, newly enrolled freshman (perhaps now a sophomore), among huge, more noticeable waves- peers. The passage reads:  "There was a day or two when [. . .] / an older boy [. . .] / skimmed past me [. . .] / and said my name. I was so much younger, / to be identified by one like him [. . .] / made me / reconsider my worth. I had been noticed. / [. . .] He had said my name / without scorn, just a bit surprised / to notice me among those trying the big waves / of the morning break.† (page 808, lines 29-43). I get a hint that this kid didn’t have very many friends, probably because he didn’t care enough one way or the other, I think mainly because he was so innocuous, and therefore he never had the best self-esteem. After this moment, having been noticed, a new door opened inside and a new person emerged. Though I don’t think this is even hinted at, I get the feeling the older boy was a more popular boy. If so, that would make being noticed even more significant to this person because that would mean he’s not as worthless as he thought, in any sense- looks, popularity, grades, etc. Near the end of the poem, a few lines make me think of what his future will be: â€Å"He came home in a bag / that may have mixed in pieces of his squad. / Yes, I can write about a lot of things / besides the summer that I turned sixteen. / But that’s my ground swell.† (page 809, lines 48-52). Having been noticed by what I have deemed a popular boy- for him a life-changing event- and then seeing him come home in a bag, the possibility of other people mixed in on the table, I sense a strong, yet ever so subtle hint that he became some sort of political activist, or maybe a politician (though I kind of doubt this one). The other story I will talk about is â€Å"Class,† by Sherman Alexie. The story here is also very straight-forward; however, it doesn’t start at the beginning of where the author started it. It starts around the time he enters the bar- everything else is just back-story information so it seems the last line has more weight than it really does. I said there are two events some might call life-changing for Edgar: when he finds his wife’s lover’s letters, and when he decides to fight Junior. I also said I would argue that neither of these are life-changing, and in fact, nothing in this story is. We first find out about the affair in this line: â€Å"[. . .] while Susan kept he Friday lunches free so she could carry on an / affair with an architect named Harry[,]† (p.588, line 80.1-2) and goes on to say he â€Å"discovered his love letters hidden in a shoe box at the bottom of her walk-in / closet.† (P.588, line 80.5-6) This blunt, mater-of-fact prose is very stripped- stripped of emotion, of excess words, excess anything really- and as such, I don’t think we can really sympathize with him- it’s out of the blue, with no foreshadowing, and, for me at least, actually kind of awkward. A 20/20 hindsight inflection can be heard, and I think it hurts the story deeply. Later in the story, Edgar decides to fight Junior (he â€Å"looked like Chief Broom in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.† (p592, line175.11)). But this also isn’t a life-changing event because nothing really comes of it. We neither see the change prompting it, nor the aftereffects. At the very least, Alexie could have had a closing paragraph, style- and prose-consistent, detailing how the fight effected him. Instead, he just has the line â€Å"I was gone. But now I’m back.† (p.596, line 310.2). Personally, in and of itself, I like this line, it’s a very cool line. But I don’t think such a superficial sto ry deserved such a (possibly) deep and meaning-filled ending. I know I’ve heard this ending before, but if this is where we got it, I can only think that someone was drawn into the false emotion of this story. Here, the ending just reeks of pretension and emotional manipulation- making you care about something that through no evidence from the story you should care about. In conclusion, moments are experienced by all which prove to be great and important moments in a person’s life- sometimes these are moments which make us look at the world and/or ourselves in a new light, and sometimes these moments cause us to change our attitude or outlook on a particular subject. In the poem Ground Swell, by Mark Jarman, published in 1997, there is a very great, and very clear example of this; however, in a short story by Sherman Alexie published in 2000 entitled â€Å"Class,† the example we want to be there actually isn’t, but in fact is lost (if ever it was there) in a prose that screams superficial and false. I have argued, successfully I hope, my stance on each of these literary works regarding these moments, or lack thereof. Research Papers on Appearances Can Be DeceivingMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Beginners Guide to Using an IDE Versus a Text Editor

Beginner's Guide to Using an IDE Versus a Text Editor The best tool for Java programmers as they begin writing their first programs is a debatable topic. Their goal has to be learning the basics of the Java language. Its also important that the programming should be fun. Fun for me is writing and running programs with the least amount of hassle. The question then becomes not so much how to learn Java as where. The programs have to be written somewhere and choosing between using a type of text editor or an integrated development environment can determine just how much fun programming can be. What Is a Text Editor? There isnt a way to spruce up what a text editor does. It creates and edits files that contain nothing more than plain text. Some wont even offer you a range of fonts or formatting options. Using a text editor is the most simplistic way to write Java programs. Once the Java code is written it can be compiled and run by using command-line tools in a terminal window. Example Text Editors: Notepad (Windows), TextEdit (Mac OS X), GEdit (Ubuntu) What Is a Programming Text Editor? There are text editors that are made specifically for writing programming languages. Were calling them programming text editors to highlight the difference, but they are generally known simply as text editors. They still only deal with plain text files but they also have some handy features for programmers: Syntax Highlighting: Colors are assigned to highlight different parts of a Java program. It makes code easier to read and debug. For example, you could set up syntax highlighting so that Java keywords are blue, comments are green, string literals are orange, and so on.Automatic Editing: Java programmers format their programs so that blocks of code are indented together. This indentation can be done automatically by the editor.Compilation and Execution Commands: To save the programmer having to switch from the text editor to a terminal window these editors have the ability to compile and execute Java programs. Therefore, debugging can be done all in one place. Example Programming Text Editors: TextPad (Windows), JEdit (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu) What Is an IDE? IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. They are powerful tools for programmers that offer all the features of a programming text editor and much more. The idea behind an IDE is to encompass everything a Java programmer could want to do in one application. Theoretically, it should allow them to develop Java programs faster. There are so many features an IDE can contain that the following list contains only a selected few. It should highlight how useful they can be to programmers: Automatic Code Completion: Whilst typing in Java code the IDE can help by showing a list of possible options. For example, when using a String object a programmer might want to use one of its methods. As they type, a list of methods they can choose from will appear in a popup menu.Access Databases: To help connect Java applications to databases IDEs can access different databases and query data contained within them.GUI Builder: Graphical user interfaces can be created by dragging and dropping Swing components onto a canvas. The IDE automatically writes the Java code that creates the GUI.Optimization: As Java applications become more complex, speed and efficiency become more important. Profilers built into the IDE can highlight areas where the Java code could be improved.Version Control: Previous versions of source code files can be kept. Its a useful feature because a working version of a Java class can be stored. If in the future it is modified, a new version can be created. If the modifications cause problems the file can be rolled back to the previous working version. Example IDEs: Eclipse (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu), NetBeans (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu) What Should Beginner Java Programmers Use? For a beginner to learn the Java language they dont need all the tools contained within an IDE. In fact, having to learn a complex piece of software can be as daunting as learning a new programming language. At the same time, its not much fun to continually switch between a text editor and a terminal window in order to compile and run Java programs. Our best advice tends to favor using NetBeans under the strict instructions that beginners ignore almost all of its functionality at the beginning. Focus purely on how to create a new project and how to run a Java program. The rest of the functionality will become clear when its needed.

Autonomy of Financial Institutions Research Paper

Autonomy of Financial Institutions - Research Paper Example While politicians and regulators propose a regulated trade system that would mitigate risks of default of one party, maintaining transparency, and providing consistent prices, the bankers pull in the complete opposite direction. The banks want the market to remain as it is whereby over the counter derivatives (OTC) remain unregulated and with unpublished prices to the public. Banks warn that any ban on the unregulated OTC will upset the current markets and lead to possible lawsuits. However, the European Commission maintains that its proposal for a regulation is meant to protect consumers, and spur competition. Thus, on this issue, bankers and politicians hardly see eye to eye. The U.S, as an answer too to the Great Depression, also passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, geared towards more regulations for the financial institutions. However, it lacks the cutting-edge proposal of banning the over the counter derivatives. It should be remembered that these proposals are law in no shortage of critics. While some people, especially bankers, say that it encroached too deeply into the financial institutions’ regulations; others argue that it is hard enough to curtail the possibility of another financial meltdown.  If the banks continue in the direction where there are no published prices for the OTC, no specified quantity and quality on the deliverable, then there is an obvious lack of transparency. This grey region only benefits the  banks. It cushions them from taking the responsibility of the financial losses.  Bankers argue that the small companies which have not attained the exchange listing requirements will be l ocked out of the securities trade if the government bans the OTC. Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) proposal is clear cut- it wants to ban the over the counter derivatives.

The Progress Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Progress Report - Assignment Example Chinese Restaurants are facing direct and indirect competition. So, in order to stay and remain competitive in the market Chinese Restaurants should work on increasing the awareness of their products. In the case of Chopsticks Express, this restaurant is targeting only the small amount of Chinese consumers, who are the students of the State College. My efforts would be to make awareness of the Chinese foods in the market along with highlighting how the local customers could be attracted towards Chinese foods. The role of supervisor has been important for this project and I have been guided by my supervisor throughout the project and this has helped in improving the quality. I have been incorporating the feedback of the supervisor and will continue doing so. After receiving further feedback, the research would continue its steps for the submission of its final draft of proposal. Work Completed I have received the approval and feedback from my instructor about my research. The feedback included instructions of carrying out my research and his instructions have been helpful in improving the work. I have identified that Chinese restaurants are facing some direct competition from the other Asian and American restaurants. The draft proposal of the project was due from 10th June and after modifying my research according to the feedback received I submitted my final proposal in the third week of June with my final topic of Research Information of Chinese Restaurants in State College. My research included analysis of different Chinese restaurants. 13 Asian and 8 Chinese restaurants are located in State College Downtown. Among the Chinese restaurants, Chopsticks Express offers the authentic cuisine of Chinese. Chopsticks express, situated in the center of the state downtown, enjoys the advantage that it could attract more customers apart from the local Chinese customers. I have identified the reason why the restaurant has not been highly successful and the reason is that it does not influence other customers of the region. I figured out that majority of the people do not visit Chopsticks Express because of its unpopularity. When I have researched on it further, I identified the reasons why no one would want to visit a restaurant which does not have a welcoming environment. In the ending days of June I was supposed to work on the demographic part. Demography included the study of population and size. The study included sample size of 800 customers who received questionnaires; these 800 people were those who belonged not only to the area of downtown but also those who visit downtown. The questionnaire was also provided for the managers of the Chinese restaurants operating in the State college downtown. Information and awareness play an important role in marketing of the restaurant. The responses suggested that awareness of Chinese food in US was relatively low and only local customers like Chinese students preferred Chinese cuisine in US. For determi ning the possible solutions for the Chinese restaurants to attract larger number of customers I submitted my recommendations on 30th June. Work to be completed Through this questionnaire I will try to identify the tastes and preferences of the people.I will also appoint interviews with the managers of the Chinese restaurants where I will ask questions related to my study. I want to help Chinese

Sertive style Essay Example for Free

Sertive style Essay â€Å"A Telephone Call† by Dorothy Parker is a short story that focuses on a woman waiting for a man to call her. He told her, â€Å"I’ll call you at five, darling† (Parker, 1) but as time passes he still has not called. She begins to bargain with God by begging Him to make the man call her as well as by keeping her from calling the man (Parker, 1). The woman in this short story takes a classic lamb’s approach to asserting herself. She begs and pleads with God by attempting to make her reasoning and logic seem sound while also attempting to make God feel compassionate towards her strong desire to have the man call her as he said he would. The lamb’s approach to assertiveness is not effective nor is it appropriate for a grown woman to use in her quest to get what she wants (Sichel, 14). Instead, Sichel suggests that the most effective form of assertiveness is the self-assertive style which does away with the threatening and whining that accompany other forms of assertiveness (14). Assertive style #1 is based on avoidance and using tactics to evoke guilt, to manipulate, to bully, to scare or to threaten (Sichel, 15). In â€Å"A Telephone Call† the woman uses the guilt tactic in order to try to get God to make the man call her immediately. She uses phrases such as, â€Å"let him call me now† or â€Å"I won’t ask anything else of you† (Parker, 1) in order to try to get God to feel sorry for her and to guilt Him into making the man call. As the story progresses, the woman begins to take a whining approach to convincing God to prompt the man to call right away. She rambles on about why he may not have called yet but then continues to plead with God to make the telephone ring. This technique is highly ineffective in getting what one wants because whining is very annoying and is particularly irritating coming from a grown woman. Attempting to make God do anything is a fruitless pursuit to begin with and adding pleading and begging to the mix is not an effective way to get what one wants. Assertive style #2 is concerned with narcissistic exaggeration that uses black and white statements to evoke a sense of drama into assertive statements. The lamb’s approach to assertiveness using this style depends on the use of phrases such as, â€Å"you’re never† and â€Å"it’s impossible† (Sichel, 15). The woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses similar phrases in her attempt to get God to make the telephone ring. The woman also gets quite dramatic as is evident in her ramblings about possible reasons why the man has not called yet. She begins to wonder if he does not like her as she thought he did and goes on to believe that God is angry with her which leads to the ultimate dramatic expression that she wishes the man were dead (Parker, 1). Further, her constant waffling back and forth evokes a strong sense of drama into the short story because one second she is trying to convince herself that there is a very good reason why the man has not called yet and the next second she is wishing him ill will or even death (Parker, 1). Again, this type of assertiveness is neither effective nor mature. Phrases that use words such as â€Å"never† and â€Å"impossible† are highly dramatic because they are words that display exaggeration rather than problem solving techniques. Drama rarely leads to positive solutions but usually leads to the mind going off on tangents that never solve anything as is the case in â€Å"A Telephone Call. † Assertive style #3 focuses on the disavowel of assertion in order to appear nice. The lamb’s approach to using this assertive style is to appear nice by using such phrases as, â€Å"don’t you think it would be good? † (Sichel, 15). This type of questioning allows a person to get their anger out while also using a nice tone of voice in hopes that they will still get what they want. The woman in â€Å"ATelephone Call† is a master at this technique. During her pleading with God she says, â€Å"Ah, don’t let my prayer seem too little to you God† (Parker, 1). The reader is well aware of how desperate and angry the woman is becoming as the story progresses but the way she phrases this question evokes niceness without backing down on the anger. Similarly, she later asks God, â€Å"Are you punishing me God, because I’ve been bad? † (Parker, 1). It is clear from this statement that she is getting increasingly desperate and angry while also realizing that yelling and screaming at God will get her nowhere. This technique is not effective either. God, and most humans as well, can tell the difference between a sincere assertive question and an angry rant disguised by a nice tone of voice. The woman in this story is clearly desperate but goes about stating her case to God in an immature and childish way that garners no results. Assertive style #4 deals with indirect and evasive techniques instead of strong assertive behavior. The lamb’s approach to this style is to mask tough questions with gentle phrases such as, â€Å"do you think you might want to? † (Sichel, 15). Once again the woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses this style in order to convince God to make the telephone ring. She does not ever come right out and say something truly assertive by telling God specifically what she wants and why it is important to her. Instead, she takes on a whining and manipulative tone of voice that relies on pleading and begging to get what she wants. At one point in the story she says, â€Å"I’ll be good, God. I will try to be better, I will, if you will let me see him again. If you will let me telephone me. Oh, let him telephone me now† (Parker, 1). These types of statements are whiny and manipulative and do not focus on the reasons why the woman wants God’s help and reassurance. Instead, they focus on pleading with God in the hopes that He will get tired of listening to her begging and grant her request. This type of assertiveness is rarely effective because it relies on the breaking point of humans in order to get what one wants. It is similar to a child whining until his or her parents get tired of hearing it and just give in to make it stop. Assertive style #5 deals with the issue of denial of ownership. The lamb’s approach to this style is to mask anger with words such as â€Å"never† (Sichel, 16). The woman in â€Å"A Telephone Call† uses this technique throughout the short story as she continues to bargain with God in hopes that the man will call. Towards the end of the story the woman’s begging and pleading begin to focus on God himself and the fact that he cannot possibly understand what she is going through. â€Å"You don’t know how it feels. You’re so safe, there on your throne, with the blue swirling under you. Nothing can touch you; no one can twist your heart in his hands† (Parker, 1). Again, instead of clearly stating her reasons why she hopes God can help her, she puts the blame on God. She takes the ownership of the problem off of herself and tries to make God see that, as a human woman, she is truly suffering, which is something that she does not feel God is taking seriously enough. Instead of talking with God about what her possible role in the problem could be, she makes herself appear to be an angel while the man who does not call and the entire situation are made to appear as the evil ones. This is not an effective assertive technique because it does not require a person to take responsibility for the problem as well as the eventual solution. Similar to the other styles, it relies on whining and begging and other childish behavior rather than adult behavior. â€Å"A Telephone Call† is a highly entertaining and amusing story. If the woman in the story had used the lion’s approach to assertiveness the story would have taken a dangerous and angry turn which would not have produced such an enjoyable story. Similarly, if the woman had taken the self-assertive approach in the story it would have turned out rather boring. However, this is a story and the lamb’s approach to assertiveness is neither amusing nor effective in real life. If a real woman had a similar problem and strongly wished for a man to call her she may indeed turn to God for help. However, in order to effectively state her case and make her wishes known there are several suggestions and recommendations she should follow in order to ensure that she is taking the very best approach to getting what she wants and avoiding the type of drama that the woman in the story displayed. First, she must eliminate all whining and manipulation. These tactics result in an avoidance of the true problem and makes the woman appear immature and desperate instead of assertive enough to state her case in a strong tone of voice. Second, the woman in the story would have been much more effective if she would have avoided narcissistic exaggeration and drama. These just add additional hurdles to overcome when trying to get what one wants. Instead, the woman would have been more effective if she would have told God why she thought the man should call and why it was so important to her to have him call. It would also be effective to remember to say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† while making the request. Similarly, the woman would have been more successful if she had simply stated her case without trying to sugarcoat her anger. This is rarely effective because it makes a person appear fake rather than genuine. The woman should have explicitly stated what she wanted from God and politely requested that He work with her to find a solution. At the same time, the woman was also indirect and evasive when she was trying to convince God to make the telephone ring. Again, she would have been more successful if she would have told God specifically what she wanted Him to do in order to help her. Instead of begging and pleading, she could have simply made her request in a direct and up front manner. Finally, the woman in the story denied ownership of her role in the problem. This usually backfires because people who need help should take an active role in proposing a solution rather than denying any responsibility for the problem. The woman would have been more effective in her request if she would have told God exactly how she felt, why she felt that way and once again asked God for help. The self-assertive approach to asking for something is the most effective because it uses mature techniques that allow a person to speak their mind and make their case in a calm and collected manner that motivates those around them to want to help rather than give in to avoid a dramatic display of childish behavior. Parker, Dorothy. â€Å"A Telephone Call. † 20 March 2009 http://www. classicshorts. com/stories/teleycal. html. Sichel, Mark. â€Å"The Five Styles of Avoidance and Self-Assertion. †

Communication in business and information technology Essay -- essays r

Communication for Business and Information Technology Case Study. OLYMPIA PRODUCTIONS: Introduction: Olympia Productions is in itself a product of five independent entities, combining their resources to create an efficient and effective partnership. The transition from separate businesses to a singular partnership has been a new experience to every part of the partnership. The matter of using a participative or a hierarchical management style has yet to be determined. Management Approaches: Hierarchical: This management style requires leaders to make decisions without consolidations from fellow employees. According to Dwyer (1997), the leader of the group here is the one who announces the decision while all other members follow his/her orders. Dwyer states that this method is more likely to favour the businesses â€Å"interests† far ahead of that of employees. The employers of the previous five independent businesses had implemented this method and since they have been using its for so long, have become accustomed to it. Participative: The participative management method makes it essential for the leader to have an active role in making decisions. Dwyer (1997) recognises, He/She must ask fellow members opinions and ideas in order to achieve maximum output. An opposite result is identified by Dwyer. It has been suggested that the newly formed ‘Olympia Productions’, should consider this style of management. Implementation: Suggestion: Using a Hierarchical management style may have gotten objectives achieved much more timely, but team members have found the leader to be too dominating and therefore as a result: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Poor team participation† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Low motivation† 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and â€Å"Lack of creativity† are the consequences that have arisen as shown by Dwyer. The Participative method ensures that all member are actively involved in the entities operations. Dwyer displays the results as: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shared responsibility† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Encourages Self-Esteem† 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and â€Å"Job satisfaction† are the benefits of a teamwork orientated management method which promotes easier communication. Dwyer explains both methods thoroughly but uses more positive incites on the participative method. Therefore all managers should be briefed on ... ...d supporting members† 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Giving feedback† 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Developing teamwork† 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and â€Å"Counselling members† These simple steps outlined by Dwyer, display the encouraged communication in various ways. Management could ask for contributions into developing goals, and make jobs meaningful with rewards and compliments on successful work. Leaders represent fellow staff at meetings and give recognition. This strategy will impact Olympia Productions in a positive manner, as both management and staff receive cooperation and further develop communication. RERERENCES : Dwyer, J. 1997, The business communication handbook, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Crosling, G., & Ward, I. 1999, Graduates, workplace oral communication and undergraduate curriculum, [online], Monash University, Clayton. Jones, G., George, J.M., & Hill, C.W.L. 2000, Contemporary management, 2nd edition, McGraw- Hill Higher Education, Boston. (Technical advances in communication ) Jones, G., George, J.M., & Hill, C.W.L. 2000, Contemporary management, 2nd edition, McGraw- Hill Higher Education, Boston. ( Social responsibility )

Introduction to corporate social responsibility Essay

Corporate social responsibility is a figure of business self-regulation incorporated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. There are four main parts to CSR fig 1: |Economic |Responsibility to earn profit for owners | |Legal |Responsibility to comply with the law | |Ethical |Not acting just for profit, but doing what is right, just and fair | |Voluntary and philanthropic |Promoting human welfare and goodwill | | |Being a good corporate citizen contributing to the community and quality of life | There are many substitute definitions of CSR. Examples of two are firstly An responsibility, beyond that mandatory by the law, for a business to follow long term objectives that are excellent for society. Secondly concerning how a business administer its business to create an overall constructive impact on the general public So in a brief social responsibly corporate involves †¢ Conducting business in an ethical way and in the interests of the wider community †¢ Responding positively to emerging societal priorities and expectations †¢ A compliance to take action ahead of regulatory confrontation †¢ Balancing shareholder interests against the interests of  the wider community †¢ Being a good citizen in the area

Observational Learning

There are a number of places where toddlers could be observed unobtrusively – at the park , the playground , the mall , and the daycare center . For the purpose of this study , however , I chose to go to the park and observe parents and their toddlers play together . This way , I could easily observe unobtrusively as people would think I was simply there to write or to write down my thoughts Another benefit that the park has to offer is the lack of formal structures and relationships such as those found at daycare centers .At the park , parents and toddlers could interact easily and in a relax manner . That way , the true nature of the relationship between the parents and the toddlers will be easily observed and analyzed and the understanding of the interactions between parents and children will be better understood . This then seeks to look at such a relationship by presenting direct observations from families and toddlers that visit the park in our community .I had a small n otebook with me and it is where I wrote down my observations , as well as the communication that went on between the parents and the children The toddlers that I observed were approximately between 16 to 30 months old and appeared to be pampered by care by their parents . One the toddlers belong to an Asian-American racial stock while the other one to an American family .Although the parents brought strollers with them the toddlers were walking and occasionally carried by their parents Both of the families of the toddlers seem to belong to the middle class Notably , the second toddler belongs to a mother without a father Although the author could not exactly know whether she is a single parent or not , at least based on the observation at the park , the mother does not have any other company in visiting the park Both toddlers appear to be enamored with their surroundings .They do notice the colors in the park and usually exclaim in delight when they see a butterfly or a bird . Appar ently , they are already starting to recognize some of the features of the environment and their understanding of what they are is already being formed in the minds of the young kids Toddler 1 The first toddler I observed is male . He displayed curiosity in his surroundings . While they were walking in the park , to the way where the family will sit down for an afternoon snack , the toddler was picking up sticks and leaves on the ground .He raised them to his eyes and offered them to his parents . The mother accepted the offer from the toddler and said that it was a leaf . She explained further that the leaf grows on the branch , which the toddler dutifully picked up and offered to her mother again . When the mother pronounced leaf ‘ and branch , the toddler also spoke up and attempted to pronounce the same words A child is very much curious and interested in his surroundings . As part of his cognitive development , he notices the shapes , colors , and different sensations and wonders he encounter in his world .Even at such a young age , he is also being initiated into the process of socialization where he learns the views of his parents and of the larger society where he is located (Turner , 1991 . The child , according to Piaget ‘s theory actively uses his senses to explore his environment and learn about them . Through the use of his senses , he is able to discern relationships among the actions he take and the behavior of the objects that he is viewing (Turner , 1991 Both the component of nature and nurture are at work in this seemingly simple process that the child is going through .He uses his eyes , his ears , his nose , and his whole body to discover the world and learn how it works . His efforts , because they are yet insufficient , are supplemented by his parents , more particularly by his mother , who tells him the names of objects and how they are being referred to in the world Through the explanation of the mother about the nature of t he relationship between leaves and branches , the child is then able to look at the relationship of different objects in his environment albeit in an incomplete fashion .The explanation of the mother regarding the relationship of leaves and branches may not be sufficient for the child to understand the relationship because most of the knowledge of a child advances through his actions and his interpretation about the consequences of the actions he make (Franz White , 1985 Notably , the toddler was now engaging in eye-to-eye contact with his parents and occasionally asks them for what he wants . His father brought out a ball that the toddler apparently loved playing with .The father and the child started playing with the ball – they played catch , and sometimes they would race together to get the ball first . The toddler was delighted with such play with his father . Although this is the case the child would also look at his mother and he asked her to come and join them . This is consistent with the theory of Erikson , which holds that the child ‘s relationship with his mother is perhaps the most important one during this stage of development (Franz White , 1985 The child continued to play with the ball and when he saw other children in the park , he also went to them and offered to play the ball with them .Apparently , toddler one has good socialization skills to the point that he can mingle with other kids even when his parents are around This points to the good relationship that the child is enjoying with his parents . Both his parents encouraged him to play with other children and watched him with other kids . True enough , when the child has strong relationships with his parents , he tends to be more socially responsive and socially amiable . In accordance with Psychosocial theorists , the child is displaying good emotional and social skills because his own relationship with his parents are also good and secure .Otherwise , he might become a re cluse and refuse the company of people (Charlesworth 2003 When Toddler one was playing ball with another child , there was an instance in which the other child managed to grab the ball more quickly than toddler one , so what he did was to forcibly claim the ball from his playmate and withheld it from the latter . Through this , the other child looked as if he was about to cry . It is at this moment that the mother of Toddler one intervened .The mother reasoned out firmly with the toddler in regards to sharing toys so that others would also learn how to share . The tone of the mother appeared to be negotiating instead of imposing . This display of authority on the part of the mother is remarkable and shows the secure connection between her and the child (Charlesworth , 2003 Toddler Two When I felt that I have sufficiently observed toddler one , I decided to turn my attention to another toddler playing with a dog not very far from the first toddler . The only companion of the toddler in the park is his mother and their Labrador .I had the impression , although this is difficult to verify , that the mother was a single parent The mother was silently looking after her child who was playing with the Labrador . Apart from the toy truck and the Frisbee that the child had there were no other toys that the mother had for the child . The mother appeared to be preoccupied with her own thoughts When toddler was not busy with his toy truck , he would play with the Frisbee and the dogs with the strength and the capability that he has The dog seems to act as a guard to the toddler . He does not socialize with other kids very much and he appears content to play by himself .The toddler , it seems is spending most of the time by himself . Although at first glance , this may seem to be a display of autonomy , yet in closer examination of the child , he does not enjoy the benefits that interaction with other kids and with his parent brings . These circumstances will therefore bri ng forth negative consequences in the development of the social skills of the child and he might find it difficult to relate with other people when he grows up (Keenan , 2002 When the child attempts to play farther from his mother , the latter would come after him and tell him not to move around too much .The mother actually uses her authority over the child to forbid him from going somewhere else . Apparently , the mother wants to keep the child in her sight most of the time . This kind of attitude might breed negative feelings in the child and will contribute to the insecurity of their relationship . Since the relationship of the child with his mother is of utmost importance (Charlesworth , 2003 , then his cognitive , emotional and social development will suffer as a consequence . The child also develops a kind of mistrust in the outside world and he will not view the outside world as a safe place .Instead , he might develop the attitude that he always needs his mother to look aft er him . Erikson warned against this over-protectiveness of parents as it prohibits children to explore and become curious of their environment . Hence instead of developing self-confidence and self-esteem , toddler two will instead feel shame and doubt (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two cried when his mother forbade him to wander into the park When the child cried , the mother responded by being firmer and she almost shouted to toddler two to stop . Instead of stopping , however toddler cried even louder and displayed tantrums .At this time , the mother punished toddler two by spanking him three times . After several minutes , toddler two stopped crying and remained where he was instead This display of authority may become inimical to the overall development of the child over the long run as the initiative and the natural curiosity of the child will be dampened and what he will remember most will be the fear associated with the parent ‘s discipline (Charlesworth 2003 Toddler two recovered from the spanking after several minutes by turning his attention to the dog and his Frisbee .By distracting himself , he forgot about the incident and started to enjoy himself again . His mother , however , still issued a warning for him not to move out of her sight ‘ According to Erikson , if the urge of the child to explore is removed , then the result would be a lower level of self-esteem on the part of the child (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two is very much to her mother , however , he is not sufficiently developing autonomy .Through the reprimands and the stern warnings of his mother , he becomes dependent on his mother and unable to explore his environment and his surroundings . Over the course of time as he discovers the world further , he may not have sufficient curiosity and initiative to move away from the familiar and instead , he would keep in sight of whoever is looking after him Conclusion Observing the two toddlers was a good experience for me . It was as if the concepts and theories discussed by Piaget and Erikson were coming to life .Indeed the role of the parents is very crucial in ensuring that a child receives the appropriate socialization and training even while he is young . The strength of the attachment of a child with his parents is very important for him to develop the necessary skills for socialization and in relating with others in his environment If the relationship of a child with his parents is good as demonstrated by the first toddler I observed , then the child will greatly benefit from it .If , however , the nature of the relationship bs on the dysfunctional , then the socialization skills of the child will be negatively affected . As he grows up , he will have struggles in relating with different kinds of people in his environment By observing toddlers , numerous lessons can be gleaned and the nature of the relationship between child and parents will be assessed Accordingly , intervention strategies could be a rrived at so that the child will not suffer needlessly .Furthermore , parents , and everyone dealing with children , should be sensitive to the different levels of development of the child as demonstrated by Piaget and Erikson . By doing so , perhaps the manner of bringing up of children will be better and over the long run , the society will become a better one because of the good rearing of the children Reference Charlesworth , R (2003 . Understanding Child Development : For Adults WhoWork With Young Children . New York : Thomson Delmar Learning Franz , C . E White , K . M (1985 . Individuation and attachment in personality development : Extending Erikson ‘s theory . Journal of Personality , 53 (2 , 224-256 Keenan , T (2002 . An Introduction to Child Development . London : Sage Publications Turner , . J (1991 . Relations between Attachment , Gender , and Behavior with Peers in Preschool . Child Development , 62 (6 , 1475-1488

North Korea and thier nuclear weapons

North Korea and thier nuclear weapons Free Online Research Papers There are many questions to be addressed about North Korea’s nuclear weapons programming. These questions can be why North Korea is not keeping its promise to disable Yongbyon; is the country trying to gain some time; or is North Korea going to be bigger issue in the near future for the six party nations if it does not discontinue its nuclear programming? It may be hard to find answers to all of these entire questions. However; one thing is clear, and that is, North Korea is taking its time and acting slowly to shut down its nuclear facilities. There could be a couple of reasons to be addressed as to why North Korea is not taking six- party talks seriously to stop its main nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and hand over complete details of its nuclear programmings. The first reason that North Korea has not yet disabled its nuclear programming could be that since its intention to take advantage of the six-party nations` leniency. For one thing, last February, North Korea agreed to stop the nuclear programming by the Dec. 31, 2007. In return, six-party nations promised to supply fuel to the country (BBC, 2007). However, the deadline came and passed by and still has not disabled the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon. Another example of leniency is that last year, North Korea demanded South Korea to provide food in return shutting down the nuclear facilities (Smith, 2007). Even though, South Korea did sent food, North Korea did not keep its promise. Additionally, in the beginning of last year, the country was not willing to co-operate with the six-party nations unless it received $25m that was in a Macau bank which was frozen since the United States suspected North Korea had something to do with money laundering and counterfeiting. Once again, in six -party talks, they decided to give the country another chance to and transfer the funds. Even though of the reactor at Yongbyon was shut down in July 2007, it is still not disabled completely (BBC, 2007). The second reason is that North Korea’s intention has never been to disable its atomic programming, but instead was trying to gain some time to finish the programming. The Six-Party nations started negotiations over North Koreas nuclear programming in late 2003. However, in late 2002, the nuclear stand-off began as soon as the United States accused the country has violated 1994 disarmament deal by enriching uranium without permission (CNN, 2007).Six party nations such as South Korea and the United States as well as Japan, are realizing that time is running out for North Korea, and it has to fulfill its promise to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula (Korea, 2008). All these problems started with North Koreas plan to restart a plutonium based nuclear program at Yongbyon, North Koreas plan to build a new highly enriched uranium (HEU) nuclear program, and the tension that emerged between the United States and South Korea. Even though many problems were occurring, there were some positive things that were happening at the time. The United States began negotiating with North Korea and South Korea about establishing railroad links, demining portions of the demilitarized zone, allowing athletes to compete in the Asian games, and allowing abductees to visit Japan. The problems started occurring when North Korea admits that they have been establishing a HEU program, ending any diplomatic progress. North Korea said that they would stop their program if we decided to make a pact with them. We denied this proposal because we did not want to reward them with bad behavior. In November, the United States declared that Korea broken the rules against the Agreed Framework. There have been various theories on why North Korea had developed this highly enriched uranium program. One of the theories is that they were afraid that the United States was going to attack them, the same way we attacked Iraq.(North Korea Profile) They figured that if we attacked Iraq, an isolated nation with a suspected nuclear program, then we could easily attack North Korea for the same reason. There also have been various reasons why North Korea revealed to us their HEU plan. One theory is that they wanted us to notice them. They did not want us to disengage and isolate from the m.(Korea) the beginning, our response to North Koreas HEU and plutonium programs was very hostile and involved condemning them. Eventually, we took little baby steps to ease the tension. We also agreed to talk to them, but limited the things we could talk about with them. At the very time all of this chaos is happening, our relationship with the South Korea is reaching an all time low. I think there are many things that the United States has to do in order to resolve the problems that are occurring and to prevent more problems from happening in the future. The first thing that I think the United States should do is to treat them as nicely as possible, even if it means going against what we believe and letting them get away with bad behavior. In the long run it might be a bad thing to do because it could influence other nations to think that they can walk over us and take advantage of us. However, I think it would be the correct thing to do right now because the last thing anyone wants is a nation that is angry with you that holds nuclear weapons. If, however, North Korea refuses to accept our proposal for negotiations and does not agree with anything that we have to offer, I think the only other option is to attack them with full force. We have to sneak out any hidden places where they are making nuclear weapons and get rid of them. We have to let them know that we are not fooling around them and that we mean business. If we are destined to go to any kind of war with them, even nuclear, in the future, then it is best to attack them while they have limited nuclear weapons, rather waiting a couple before they have more artillery than we do. North Koreas highly enriched uranium nuclear program and our recent struggles with South Korea could result with terrible things to come. If we do not think of a plan to get rid of all their nuclear weapons, the world could be facing tough times in the near future. Dealing with North Korea is a must, and we need to do whatever we can to take care of the situation. In a discussion with the United States and China in Beijing on April 24, 2003, North Korean officials admitted for the first time that they possessed nuclear weapons. North Korean officials claim to have reprocessed and reproduced spent fuel rods and have threatened to begin exporting nuclear materials, unless the United States agrees to one-on-one talks with North Korea. Tension between the United States and North Korea have been running pretty stiff and high since early October of 2002. Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly informed North Korean officials that the United States was aware that North Korea had a program that was allowing them to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. Initially North Korea denied this, but later confirmed the veracity of the US claim. In confirming that they had an active nuclear weapons program, they also declared the Agreed Framework agreement. The Agreed Framework signed by the United States and North Korea on October 21, 1994 in Geneva agreed that: North Korea would freeze its existing nuclear program and agree to enhanced International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, Both sides would cooperate to replace the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) graphite-moderated reactors for related facilities with light-water (LWR) power plants, Both countries would move toward full normalization of political and economic relations,Both sides will work together for peace and security on a nuclear-free Korean peninsula,and Both sides would work to strengthen the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. (Albright,ONeil) Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. Likewise President Bush remark It is to inspire and be inspired by other nations to work together toward a peaceful and prosperous future (BBC News). Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international politics and policies. When the United States was attacked September 11, 2001, the people looked to the president to lead, and in essence, seek revenge. On both of these levels of domestic considerations, we will never know to exactly what extent they influence the presidents choice of action, but they help us in understanding some of the foreign policy decisions. Going beyond the individual to the expectations of the position, the role consideration plays an influential domestic part in the response to an external event and ultimately foreign policymaking. President Bu shs most important goals currently are internationalism, national security, limiting weapons of mass destruction, and nationalism. Bush has encouraged democracy and democratic ideals in other countries. American internationalism (BBC news) is what our president call his foreign policy. American internationalism seeks to preserve liberty and to promote opportunity, human dignity, freedom, prosperity, and peace, both at home and abroad thats basically what bush American internationalism stand for. Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international politics and policies. Going beyond the individual to the expectations of the position, the role consideration plays an influential domestic part in the response to an external event and ultimately foreign policymaking. Furthermore to do this, Bushs administration has outlined some specific objectives. Allies are crucial to conduct foreign operations, so the Bush has joined several international organizations that allow it to serve at the forefront of international policy. Some of the more famous ones are the United Nations, which is the biggest organization and has many sub-level organizations, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group (Directory of Economic, Commodity and Developmental Organizations). Knowing that United States is involved in these international organizations President Bush refuses to listen to UN and decided to attack Iraq (NY times). Today issues of terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and Middle East peace are front runners in American foreign policy. These current issues facing the US, compiled with traditional objectives in international relations, dictate the current most important countries and actors to the United States. The threat of weapons of mass destruction was enough to cause the United States to attack pre-emotively in Iraq. In the Middle east, as well as elsewhere, the threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons has increased exponentially. The government does not know which groups have them, what their capabilities are, or when the United States and its allies could be attacked by them. As technologies have increased and become more available, the need to know this information has become even more crucial in order to strategize and prepare. The United States must remain close to both its allies and enemies in order to avoid the possibility of being attacked at home or abroad. Furthermore Since September 11, 2001, the United States, with the help of its allies and partners, has dismantled the Taliban, denied Al-Qaida a safe haven in Afghanistan, and defeated Saddam Husseins regime in Iraq. Many countries play a vital role with US assistance, especially regarding intellig ence. Preventing terrorism on the homeland is a priority but also is prevention elsewhere. That is why consistent relations are maintained especially in the Middle East, but also elsewhere. One of President Bushs four objectives in the War with Iraq was the removal of weapons of mass destruction (Dunn). These weapons include chemical, biological, and nuclear capabilities. Many countries have, or will have nuclear capabilities, and the numbers will only increase. Not all of these countries are known but some of importance includes North Korea, Pakistan, India, Iran, and every other country with related technologies. All nuclear capable countries, both allies and otherwise, are vital to defense policy making of the United States. Nationalism is very important to the people of United Stated and our dear President Bush uses this idea to persuade the people. Many symbols have been adopted as symbols of freedom, especially after the September 11 attacks. As a result of the rise of nationalism, ideology tends to decline, which means the United States gives ideology very little importance. Leaders such as the President Bush use example of symbol like the symbol of freedom as a symbol to persuade the citizens of the United States to agree with him. In a speech the President gave on the need for freedom in Cuba Today, the struggle for freedom continues it hasnt ended in cities and towns of that beautiful island, in Castros prisons, and in the heart of every Cuban patriot. (Dunn). A way nationalism is also seen in this country is in its war against terrorism. Ever since the September 11 attacks, almost all of the governments attention has been on the war against terrorism. This can be seen through a statement made by the President on July 24, 2003, And this [September 11] was the merest glimpse of the violence terrorists are willing to inflict on this country. They desire to kill as many Americans as possible, with the most destructive weapons they can obtain. They target the innocent as a means of spreading chaos and fear, and to shake our national resolve.(Dunn) The use of terrorism as a symbol was a way to persuade the citizens of the United States that this war is justified. National security has become a large focus for President Bush and Congress, as well as the international community. Following the tragic events on 9/11/01, the importance of allies and partners became even more important to Bushs administration. While the United States had not looked to act creatively in the past, multilaterals became crucial in order to determine how to thwart terrorism in the most effective way. When threat is put on U.S. homeland security and elsewhere, the United States defense policy can step in; however; defense policy can become costly due to fact of utilizing the military will result in more military spending in order to complete the mission. The U.S. national security strategy is based on a distinctly American internationalism that reflects the union of our values and our national interests. The aim of this strategy is to help make the world not just safer but better (US, 1). When dealing with matters of foreign policy, results in the makings of a defense p olicy, which is considered as a subset of foreign policy. Strong military capability is an essential means in dealing with foreign policy due to the fact that countries such as North Korea, China, and Russia all pose a potential threat to destroy using weapons of mass destruction.(NY times) When threat is put on U.S. homeland security and elsewhere, the United States defense policy can step in; however; defense policy can become costly due to fact of utilizing the military will result in more military spending in order to complete the mission. North Korea is possibly the least accessible, and the most brutal and repressive country in the world. (Martin, 2006) Since its formation after World War II very little information has left the country. What has left are the defectors and the stories of horrible atrocities against humanity the government is bestowing upon its citizens. Classified as a democracy, it is just a mask hiding the Kim Dynastys totalitarian ways. With its ideology of Juche, they have relied as little as possible on outside help. They rule and produce on the inside, with only the close to communist China being its biggest factor for production of money. Human rights are completely unheard of, and reports of torture within its reform camps are common from those that flee and escape Kims grip. Humanitarian aid is being pulled, and the country has started to show some of its nuclear power to the world. While these are just some of the issues at hand, North Koreas dignitaries show no sign that they have broken al l human rights laws, and that the country is in a state of economic need. With North Korea finally being recognized for its harsh living conditions for its people and the human rights violations being brought upon them, more and more people are seeing what is actually happening. With this international relationships are teetering as North Korea removes any help the people may get from outside sources. The testing of North Koreas first bomb in 2006, there have been many moves to attempt to De-denuclearize the North. Yet still, talks are still being made to attempt to join North and South Korea and bring peace to the area. The state, due to its Juche ideology, has had most humanitarian aid removed from the country lately. Even with humanitarian aid, the state is left with low supplies of food and power. Monthly wage of farmers decreased in 2005 when a ban on free markets was raised, where in some cases they did not make over $1 a month creating a giant surge for those to change jobs, creating a larger deficit in food. Clean water is in scarcity, as well as access to good health care and hospitals. Human rights infractions are constantly broken among its citizens, and there is nothing they can do to fight the power Kim holds in the top seat of the state. (North Korea Profile) Since North Korea announced it had tested an atomic bomb underground in October 2006, several countries including China, South Korea, Russia, Japan and the United States have been in a constant state of discussion on what to do to the North. In an attempt to begin to make the state de-nuclear, agreements have come forth which have shut down Yongbyon nuclear reactor, which is a main source of North Koreas weapon plutonium. Kim also ordered other plants to shut down in exchange for a large stock pile of fuel oil. Several funds previously frozen in Macau of Mr. Kims have also been unfrozen, but it is unlikely this may soften his actions and what his people suffer. (Background Note) North Koreas nuclear weapon power makes it the most dangerous nuclear power in the world. Defectors from the country are also aware that Kim Jong-Il is stockpiling chemical weapons. So much so that he may have enough to decimate South Koreas population. (Martin) Relations between Japan and North Korea are very stiff as well. North Korea had previously abducted several Japanese citizens, and Japan wants to know what has happened. Over 20 of its citizens were taken. Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, vows not to normalize relations until they know what has happened of these people. George Bush has also vowed not to begin discussions until this has been figured out. North Korea says they know nothing of the abductions, and none of those listed missing had ever entered North Korea.(North Korea Profile) In an article written by Adam Liptak called , â€Å"Is the Group Responsible for the Individual’s Crime?† he described the case of the Pakistani Army and the tribal elders near the Afghan border. In order to save their town, it was decided that the elder should â€Å"turn over 72 men wanted for sheltering AL Qaeda Members† (p17). This decision of is commonly used throughout the world, especially when it comes to military actions. This is what we call collective sanctions. A sanction by definition is a social control to enforce society’s standards. Thus, in order to maintain the orderly nation, collective sanctions are necessary. People value group identity, so it is the group’s responsibility to parent the individual members. People are always in a part to a group because people lived a life that circles around what we called â€Å"group life†. People are always a member of a family, school, or a society. We people have learned that individual should share the responsibility of others in our groups because not only problems can be solved more easily, but also that we all share a responsibility to watch over the others. For example, in a Chinese family, constituted of brothers, the elder are punished for whatever that younger brother did wrong because it’s his responsibility to watch over the young ones and not allowing them to do wrong.. This is yet another example of collective sanctioning. The use of collective sanctions is a good idea for a nation to proper function. Liptak quotes that â€Å"Group members might be punished not because they are in an advantageous position to identify, monitor, and control responsible individuals, and can be motivated by threat of sanction to do so.† A prefect example would be the offer that President Bush made to the Afghanistan, where he said â€Å"the Taliban will hand over the terrorists, or they will share their fate.† This is the use of collective sanction. Since the Untied States of America can not find out the individual’s crime, and may have been unable to catch the terrorists, the terrorists may make another attack to other cities or countries. In older to avoid another attacking, the collective sanctions are necessary. In addition, another case of collective sanction appeared when the world that Koreans are making some nuclear weapons. The United Nations are against North Korea government to make any type of nuclear weapons, and demanded North Korea to stop or the Nations such as Denmark, Belgium,Norway, Sweden,Iceland,Finland,France,Germany,and Spain will obstruct with their economy sources. The question is; will North Korea government stop making nuclear weapons under the threat of international sanctions? There is no doubt that the North Korea should stop the process, not only due to the threat of international sanctions, but also because the people in North Korea don’t want to become poor. They put pressure on their government to stop the process of making nuclear weapon, to maintain a stable economy. In this case, collective sanctions are necessary to maintain a peaceful world order. Those who are opposed to group sanctions said that the application of group sanctions is unfair to the others who did not commit any crime. â€Å"Rich people can buy their way out of any punishments.† (p18). This is somewhat true; however, this decision showed a need for the collective sanctions. Collective sanctions are a good idea because people value group identity, and this forces the group to work together more tighten and thus making the sanctions a necessity thing for a properly function town. Since there are people who can but their way out of punishment with their wealth, collective sanctions will make someone else who are aware of what will happen to report the case, and thus punish those who deserve to be punished. Liptak said, â€Å"If we recoil at the idea of collective responsibility, it is because we are afraid the village is out of the political mainstream. The government never says it’s going to do that in downtown Kabul, where the rich guys live.† Collective sanctions are practiced to those who are not acting properly, and are used to maintain the order of the nation. In the quote, it means the same thing. The government won’t do such thing to a place where the rich people lived because they know the rules and they will obey them. On the other hand, a place where no rules are followed, collective sanctions is the best way to commit to the obedience of the people of that place. Another thing that further increased my reason that north Korea is a threat is a documentary that I rented from Blockbuster called â€Å"The Fog of War†. In the documentary, The Fog of War, Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968 said, Rationality will not save us. McNamara argues, even though we failed, we did behave rationally. Meaning, they acted upon their best evidence and motives, rationally; however, in the end they failed to realize the truth of the matter. Basically, the reason we did not have nuclear war was out of sheer luck. Therefore, McNamara draws the conclusion that rationality had failed them, and therefore it will not save us in the future. Another point that this lesson implies is that classical nuclear deterrence does not work. Nuclear deterrence is based on the rationality of the players. Since rationality is deemed to be unreliable, it would imply that we are all doomed. The problem with this statement is that rationality has been the only thing that has saved us thus far. If rationality was unreliable then we would have been doomed from the start. However, the rationality of nations leaders has proven to keep us away from a nuclear war. Even though McNamara claims that it was luck that had prevented them from a war, it was the rationality of a former U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, Llewellyn Tommy Thompson, who advised President Kennedy not to attack Cuba. So, in fact, it is rationality that saves us. To further develop this theory we must look at the evolution of the US nuclear deterrent theories and what it is today in regards to new threats. Currently, the US possesses unquestioned superiority over any potential opponents. However, ever since the 9/11 terrorists attacks up until the present, the US has felt threatened by new opponents, such as non-state based players and rouge nations. In order to protect US national security, the Bush administration has felt the need to pull out of the SALT 1 Treaty and build ABMs. As a result of such an aggressive move, the US has received much criticism. Recently, Russian President Vladimir Putin publicly warned against the US building of ABMs, claiming that a new arms race will begin if they continue. However, the Bush administration strongly believes that ABMs are necessary to protect them from missile launch attacks from irrational players,meaning rouge nations. With the rouge nations as a threat, it would seem that classic nuclear deterrent fails, since the US claims that the rouge nations leaders are irrational and would attack the US. However, the likelihood of rouge nations att acking the US is highly unlikely. The rouge nations that appear as a threat to the US would be Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Afghanistan, maybe Syria, and North Korea. The US fears that those nations could possibly launch ICBMs capable of hitting North America. However, according to top-secret U.S. National Intelligence Estimates found that while many nations are potentially interested in long-ranged missiles, almost none have, or will ever have, the technology or funds to develop them, or to remotely threaten the United States. These rouge nations are rational players that realize the strength and credibility of the US, and what consequences they would safe if they were to attack. Therefore, classic nuclear deterrence is still applicable. Terrorism seems to disclaim nuclear deterrence since rationality and communication does not apply. However, as stated earlier, it is difficult for rouge nations, including terrorists, to possess the credibility and capability to launch nuclear weapons. If weapons such as ICBMs are too expensive, than there is also the threat of terrorist groups possessing chemical or biological weapons. According to Michael Rebehn writing for Open Democracy, it is now obvious that chemical and biological weapons have indeed become the ,poor mans nuclear bomb; a cheap and portable option for those, like terrorists or ,rogue states, without access to expensive nuclear technology. If terrorists were to strike the US with a biological weapon, it would be difficult to react since terrorists are often non-state based players. The US might seemingly not use old deterrence theories with these new threats; however, the example of the US invasion in Afghanistan is a clear example of the US using classic nuclea r deterrence. The US retaliated against the non-stated based terrorists in Afghanistan since the nation was held accountable for hosting the training camps of the Al-Quaeda. Nuclear Deterrence is not dead. Even with new threats such as rouge nations and non-state based players. As Keith B. Payne writing for The Journal of International Security Affairs said, The confidence in deterrence that typified the Cold War now is presumed to apply to post-Cold War rogue threats,as if the dramatic changes in opponent and context are irrelevant. It is obvious that the US has evolved the nuclear deterrence theories as well as added some modifications to keep the US as the superior nation. The US today has the ability to protect themselves from nuclear missiles attacks (ABMs) as well as the ability to launch them (First Strike). By analyzing the US evolution of deterrence we can see that McNamaras lesson does not apply, even with new enemies. Rationality has and continues to remain our source of reliability and hope. In an article How to Stop Nuclear Terror,the author Allison Graham discusses that although President Bush has determined that terrorist nuclear attacks on the U.S. is the biggest threat facing the country in the future, his administration has not created a clear plan to prevent the issue. She uses a quote from the President to show that he thinks that the highest priority is to keep terrorist from acquiring weapons of mass destruction. Graham goes on in her introduction to explain that the administrations inaction is a reflection on their inability to understand that nuclear terrorism is in fact preventable. She says that the problem should be combated at the root, which is the fissile material, because without that material, nuclear bombs can not be made. She then introduces her idea of the Three Nos: no loose nukes, no new nascent nukes, and no new nuclear states. In the next section of her article, Graham presents a number that I found extremely startling and eye-opening. She says that According to best estimates, the global nuclear inventory includes more than 30,000 nuclear weapons, and enough hue and plutonium for 240,000 more. Even more startling is the fact that, according to Graham, hundreds of these weapons are stored in areas where it is not that difficult for certain criminals to steal them and sell them to terrorist. She then gave examples of people who were apprehended trying to smuggle nuclear weapons or nuclear material. She also explained how easy it would be to smuggle nuclear weapons into the U.S. Next, Graham discusses how Saddam-era Iraq is not even on the top ten countries most likely to provide nuclear weapons to possible terrorist. Graham believes that Russia would top the list because of their enormous supply of nuclear material. Pakistan would rank next because of its ties with Al-Qaeda. Next would be North Korea because they have already sold weapons to countries such as Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. She also explains that the Bush administration HAS taken steps to reduce the dangers of a nuclear attack by terrorist, however the number of actions they HAVE NOT taken is longer and more worth worrying over. Graham also discusses a point that I find extremely true and important. The Bush administration used the possibility of Saddam selling Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) to terrorist as an excuse and reason for the invasion of Iraq. After WMDs were not found, the Bush administrations credibility in regards to many things, namely WMDs has been severely damage d. Also in the almost year and half that the U.S. was trying to get the support of other countries, North Korea and Iran both developed their programs. Graham says that preventing nuclear terrorism will require a plan that denies access to weapons and materials at their source, detects them at borders, defends every route by which a weapon could be delivered, and addresses motives as well as means. I also agree with her stance on this issues because there are many radical people in the world today who would use nuclear weapons in a heartbeat for a reason that is not even completely clear. In conclusion, nevertheless, North Korea keeps promising to discontinue its nuclear programming; one thing is getting clearer that the country is taking advantage of six-party nations by receiving food, fuel supply, and funds. It seems like the country’s intention was never denuclearize itself. North Korea likes the attention that it is getting from six- party nations as well as its neighboring countries. In my opinion, North Korea always had the intention to be seen a threat to its surrounding countries. It seems like the country tries to own things forcefully. Therefore, it needs some kind of nuclear weapon to show Asian countries that North Korea is too strong to be mess with. Observing what went on for two years, I think, it is getting harder and harder to make North Korea stop its nuclear programming. Six-Party nations should take further action and be stricter on the country by showing North Korea that the game is over. The nuclear facilities at Yongbyon must be shut dow n immediately. I believe that it is true that both traditional and current foreign policy objectives determine current relationships between the United States and other countries and various international actors. Traditional objectives of international security and trade have always shaped relations in the international system. Today, issues of terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and Middle East peace also help shape relationships with the US abroad. Current policy objectives shape US international relations. President Bush as the chief decision maker, and an individual, influence foreign policy greatly, however it is also difficult to determine to what extent because he needs to be responsive to societal beliefs, values and opinions as to maintain support for reelection. In addition, as the most powerful state, the United States does not appear to be too concerned with systemic variables such as resources. As I stated Our President Bush clearly do defined foreign policy objecti ves and goals. President Bush has hundreds of foreign policy goals and objectives, its most important goals currently are internationalism, national security, and limiting weapons of mass destruction. A divided government within Bushs administration (Dunn) this mean that sometimes makes it difficult for them create clear strategies both domestically and internationally, but both groups are willing to compromise in order to deal effectively with any problems. Thats how I view the Foreign policy that our dear President Bush have taking in considerations. As the largest superpower, the United States has been given the responsibility of leading the global community through its actions and words. That is, the opinions and values of the public (as well as interest groups that represent those beliefs) are often an important consideration in a democracys foreign policy decision-making. I believe that if we dont stop North Korea they can and will use those nuclear weapons. It may not necessa rily be on us but it wont be pretty no matter where they put it. Work Cited BBC. â€Å"QA: N Korea nuclear deal† BBC news Dec. 2007. CNN. â€Å"North Korea misses nuclear deadline† cnn.com/asia Dec. 31 2007. Korea. â€Å"Seoul, Washington press for Pyongyang nuclear declaration† Korea Net March 27, 2008. Foreign Relations March 27, 2008 Smith, Diana. â€Å"South Korea to Resume Rice Aid to North Korea† Efluxmedia June 2007. Martin, B. (2006) Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. St. Martins Press Korea, North. (2006). World Almanac Book of Facts North Korea Profile. (2006, November). International Debate. Vol. 4 Issue 8 Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Is the Group Responsible for the Individual’s Crime?† Week in Review. New York Times, 8 Feb. 2004 Dunn, David Hasting. A Doctrine Worthy of the Name?: George W. Bush and the Limits of the Pre- Emption, Pre- Eminence. Diplomacy Statecraft (2006):1-29. The National Security Strategy of the United States, 2002 (NSS 2002), New York times, May 10, 2007,p.6 This is war, New York Time, September 16, 2001. May 10, 2007. 0p.9 Phillip Gordon Bush outlines foreign policy Ft 1-2/2/3. BCC News The Fog of War. Errol Morris. Robert S. McNamara. Sony Pictures, 2003. Graham, A. (2004). How to Stop Nuclear Terror. Foreign Affairs Journal, 83 (1), 64-74 Albright, David/ ONeil, Kevin(2000) Solving the North Korean Nuclear Puzzle,Institute for Science and International Security, Isis Press, p.34-35 Research Papers on North Korea and thier nuclear weaponsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Capital Punishment

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I get this question from students a lot, and it's definitely an important one: how long before the SAT should you begin preparing for it? Moreover, how long is too long (you won't remember the material)? And how long is too short (you won't have enough time to study)? You'll need to know how to answer these questions if you wish to study effectively. Our four most important tips will help you determine when you should start studying for the SAT. Tip 1: Figure Out How Many Hours You Can Study per Week First things first: how busy of a student are you? Do you only have an hour every Thursday night to study because all your free time is taken up by classes and activities? Or are you the type who can easily free up three hours a day five days a week to study for the SAT? As a rule of thumb, you should spend at least 10 hours on SAT prep. If you can't study for more than 10 hours, it's rarely worth it to take the test. Considering that the SAT itself can take up six or more hours of your time (if you count driving time and immediate prep, that is), it just seems silly not to spend at least this amount of time studying for it! A much better baseline to use is 40 hours of prep. In this case, every hour can substantially help you. By contrast, a full-on, supercharged study regimen, like a boot camp, is closer to 100 hours. Here is a chart of possible SAT study times. Especially good combos are marked with an asterisk: Study Hrs per Week Minimum Baseline Full Study 1 hour 2 months 8 months Not recommended 2 hours 1 month 4 months* 10 months 5 hours 2 weeks 1.5 months* 4 months 10 hours 1 week 1 month* 2 months* 20 hours (summer) Not recommended 2 weeks 1 month* It's important to figure out how many hours you specifically will need to improve by in order to get the ACT score you want. Here's what to do: first, set an SAT goal score. This score is the one most likely to get you accepted into all the schools you're applying to. To find this number, follow the instructions in our guide to a good SAT score. Next, figure out your baseline score by taking an official SAT practice test. This score is essentially a starting point for your SAT prep. Once you have both your baseline and goal scores, it's time to calculate how long you'll need to study. To do this, simply subtract your baseline score from your goal score. In general, the more time you devote to studying, the higher the score you increase you can expect to have. Here are our estimates for the total number of hours you'll need to prep based on the SAT score improvement you want: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ Now that you know how many hours you'll need to study for the SAT, you can calculate possible weekly or monthly schedules based on how much free time you have each week. For example, if I want to improve my SAT score by 100 points, I'll need to study for around 40 hours. Thus, I could study about four hours a week if I have two and a half months before test day, or 10 hours a week if I only have a month left. To get a better idea of how many hours you could have at max available to you in a week, month, or year for studying, you can read through our article on how many minutes/seconds/hours there are in a day/week/year. Tip 2: Pick a Convenient Test Date Choosing an SAT test date that gives you plenty of time to study and works well with your schedule is vital for quality prep. Typically, it's best to choose a date at least a few months ahead of time so you can easily tweak your schedule to make time for study sessions. If you choose a date that's very soon (i.e., less than a month before the test), you won't have as much time to study or rearrange your schedule. (On a related note, picking a date early also means avoiding having to pay late registration fees.) Furthermore, pick a date that doesn't have much going on around it. This way you won't have to shift your activities too much and will be able to dedicate more time to studying without having to worry about other obligations or events going on. Tip 3: Don't Study Too Far Ahead or You'll Forget What You've Learned In your SAT study plan, there are some skills I don't recommend studying hard until you're closer to your test date. Study them too early and you're more likely to forget them! That said, some things are good to start studying early. These are the skills and content you're less likely to forget later on, such as the following: Vocabulary (I still remember mine from when I took the SAT!) Basic math There are some things I don't recommend studying more than a year before your test. Study this early and you'll forget more than 50% of what you learned! Instead, it's better to concentrate the time you have on the following: Learning key test-taking strategies, such as the process of elimination Taking official practice tests Finally, these are the things I don't recommend doing until at least two months before your test: Getting used to the SAT format with multiple practice tests Doing one or more dry runs so you can get used to the length (and fatigue) of the test In summary, it's rarely too early to start, but if you're thinking of starting some intense prep more than a year in advance, think carefully about when you approach new topics. Tip 4: Try to Study for At Least 2 Weeks in Total If you've only got a week or two to study, the information you learn won't have enough time to sink in. Ultimately, you have to give your brain adequate time to retain new SAT concepts! So try to study, at a minimum, at least two weeks before your test. A month or longer is, of course, even better. If test day's coming up, though, and you have very, very little time to study, don't freak out! You can still get a good score as long as you utilize the time you do have wisely. Our guide on how to cram for the SAT tells you exactly what to do in this scenario. What's Next? Planning to spend a year or more studying for the SAT? Then you'll definitely want to check out our comprehensive one-year SAT study plan. In this guide, we show you what an effective year-long study plan looks like. Only got a month to study for the SAT? Don't worry- our extensive guide walks you through the steps you'll need to take to be able to hit your goal score within just 30 days. Not sure what SAT score to aim for on test day? Learn what a good SAT score is for you and for the colleges you're applying to. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water - Essay Example The film seeks to explain how bottled water is not safer than tap water thus people should opt for tap water that is cheaper. The most important pattern of the film is when it indicates how bottled water is a scam. Indeed, the simplest way of understanding this is by watching the short film that utilizes simple language and charming episodes that makes viewers walk through the economy of bottled water. In brief, the film brings into attention benefits that emerge from taking tap water than bottled water. It indicates how bottle water is not often cleaner than tap water and worse to it cost expensive. To persuade the audience of its purpose, the film uses two strategies, which are simplest language and animation. The film uses simplest language that â€Å"Bottled water costs about 2, 000 times more than tap water.† The narrator proceeds by saying how bottled water is a lot pricier than tap water despite being not safer than tap water. The film uses animation to contribute the effect of the video of most people taking ten bottled water that in total is a lot pricier. This video is created in such a way that, it persuades viewers to take tap water as it easily available and cheaper compared to bottled water that frequently derived from the tap, which is sometimes not safer than tap water. The film captures viewers’ attention when it recalls how the Coca-Cola Company discovered that its water exceeded the limit for carcinogen and bromated. Still, it highlights how The Environmental Working Group tested ten bottled water to have contained harmful chemical pollutants thus, indicating how bottled water is not safer than tap water. The purpose of the video is to educate viewers on being cautious not to spend more money on bottled water while it is not safer than tap water. In doing this, he uses the text of how Americans spends a lot of money purchasing bottled water and indeed, it is not safer than tap water as it